Intelligent Test:

People differ in the speed with which they learn things and how well and how long they remember ideas. They also differ in their ability to understand idea and to use their knowledge in solving their problems. For example, some people can solve mathematical problems rapidly. Others quickly understand how mathematic works. Still others can easily learn new words or a foreign language. All these abilities are factor in what is called intelligence. Intelligence testing is also known as Intelligence quotient (IQ). A person’s IQ is based on a comparison of his or her score on intelligence test with the scores of others in the same test.

Such a test determines the level of understanding and performance that the person has reached. It consists of a series of mental tasks arranged in order of difficulty. Most intelligence tests include tasks involving memory, reasoning, definitions, numerical ability, and recalling facts.

The scores of intelligence tests help teachers to judge whether children are progressing as well as their ability permits. But there are many problems in such tests. In designing an intelligence test, Psychologists try to use questions on subjects to which every person to be tested have been equally exposed. But this cannot be done perfectly. People may score somewhat higher if they take a test feeling well, rested and confident than if they feel ill or tired. Also, children labeled low may think they are expected to learn slowly even though they could progress more rapidly.

Politician:

politicians are persons whose business is politics, especially ones who have been elected to a parliament or to a position in government. These politicians are members of political parties. Political parties complete against one another in elections to keep or gain control of a government. They may be active on the national and local levels.People elect representatives to act as their agents in making and enforcing laws, nominating candidates for public office and for selecting issues for public debates.

At election time politicians prepare a programme or set of policies. They propose to put this programme into action for the benefit of the country if they gain or retain power at the next election. But when they gain power they forget all their policies and do whatever is advantageous to them. They earn a lot of money and spend it at the next election to win the election.

Do-it-yourself

Do it yourself is the practice of doing repairs, painting the house, etc., oneself instead of paying the workmen. The person who does this is known as do-it-yourselfer.

People in the past would do everything that was necessary for them. One person had to learn all the necessary skills, and they were self-sufficient. But later on a person specialized one particular job or trade and the division of labor came into practice. People could produce just one thing, but for other things they depended on other people in the society. And life become more complicated and the cost of living also increased very high as a result do-it-yourself become popular.
Many simple tasks can be done just by practice. It is not necessary to call a painter to paint the peeled painting. Similarly, many more complicated tasks can be done by reading books. If we calculate the cost of maintenance, we find it cheaper to learn the skills even by damaging some of the equipment in the beginning. The introduction of do-it-yourself is leading us to self society.

Life of Infertile Nepali Women

The life of the childless Woman is very miserable in the Traditional Nepali society. The woman feels that she is a failure in her personal life. The most important part is missing from her life. When she looks at the woman with the child she is jealous of her fate. She consider that she has been a sinner. She might have committed a great sin in her previous life. She feels that there is no one who will look after her in her old age. She is very sad when she imagines her uncared and unwept death. The door to the heaven will be locked for her after her death. Therefore she comes to the conclusion that she is a complete failure in her life.
The society also considers her to be a failure. She is not accepted as the member of her husband family’s house. Her parents are equally worried about her. She is supposed to have stopped her childless condition. Her husband is asked to remarry. Whatever other qualities she may have, all of them will be superseded by this fault of hers. She is mocked at. She is considered to be the sign of bad luck. Some of the people suppose that she might be a witch. There are many social functions where her presence is more or less forbidden.
Infertility is not the defect of the woman alone. The man may be equally faulty. Remarriage is not the solution to this condition. Only after the medical examination, we can find out who is defective, such couple may adopt if they really need a child. They can lead a happy life doing many kinds of social activities.

Habits:

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Habit is something a person learns to do over and over again without thinking about how to do it. Many everyday actions are habits. A habit is different from an instinct. An instinct is behavior that is inborn instead of learned. Most habit begins as action that a person is aware of. The more the person performs an action, the easier it becomes. Strong habits become automatic, and require little or no thought. Many psychologists believe that people will learn a habit only if it benefits them. Psychologists call this satisfaction reward. Or becomes unpleasant, they may break it. For example, some people get pleasure from drinking. Because of pleasure, drinking becomes a habit. If the habit becomes unpleasant, a person may step smoking. Some habits are simple and require only movements of the muscles. Some are more than simple acts. They are thoughts and attitude; we have about things and people. Some of their habits are good and some are bad, depending on how they affect other people. We learn good habits to act as others expect us to act. Neat appearance and pleasant manners are considered good habits. A person may learn bad habits, thinking something can be gained from them. But such habit may be annoying to others.

Caricature

Caricature in art is a picture that exaggerates or distorts the physical features of a person or an object. The term comes from an Italian word that means overload or exaggerate. Artists create caricatures to make fun of their subjects. Any caricatures ridicule famous individuals. Other poke fun at certain groups, such as politicians or lawyers
The first important caricatures appeared in Europe during the 1500’s. Many of them attacked either the protestant or Roman Catholic side during the religious revolution called Reformation. William Hogarth became famous for his caricatures that satirized various classes of English society. Other artists created hundreds of biting caricatures on English politics and government.
Perhaps the most famous artist to make caricatures was Honore Daumier of France. During the early 1800’s, Daumier ridiculed political figures. He drew the fat king Louis Philippe as a giant pear. The king had Daumier imprisoned briefly. After his release, he turned caricatures of the rising middle class in art and manners. Similarly, in Nepal also there are khokana, Vatsyayan and other who satirize Nepalese politics, the political leaders and the people.

First Aid:

The help which is given before the actual medical aid is called first aid. It is the initial assistance or treatment given to a casualty for any injury or sudden illness before the arrival of an ambulance, doctor, or other qualified people. Each time we fail to follow the rules of safety we may be taking a chance with our life. But sometimes, despite all efforts, many accidents happen, In such a situation, the knowledge of first aid saves the lives of casualty. In such circumstances the major aim of first aider is to protect and save the lives of casualty by providing and arranging the artificial respiration, arranging the rescue of the casualty, control the bleeding, arrangement of disposal of the casualty at a safe place, giving courage and confidence, sympathy and support to the casualty, controlling the crowd, disposal to the home or to the hospital, prevent the casualty from the complex city of serious injury and possible loss of life. It also promotes recovery

Physical exercise

physical exercise is one of the major part of physical fitness. Exercise develops the fitness which leads to sound health. Regular exercise is a primary need and form of self expression. Physical exercise is based on the ability to run, jump, balance, vault and climb correctly. Exercise should be regular, but the activity should be selected properly and performed in a balanced way.

So, we should make habit of making it as part of life, then it is sure that it will be boon for us. Physical exercise can give us new life.

Balanced Diet

Food is essential for human existence just like the air we breathe or the water we drink. A living organism is the product of nutrition. Everyone knows that good diet is needed to maintain good health. A good or adequate diet is known as balance diet.The heat and energy required for the function of body is maintained only by the balanced diet. It helps to grow, build new tissues and repair old ones. Beside this it helps to regulate the activities of the various systems and helps to keep the body healthy, whereas in absence of balance diet one feels weak and lethargic. If the basic requirements of food are not fulfilled it may lead to various mal-nutrition symptoms. Examples, water deficiency leads to dehydration, vitamin deficiency leads to blindness, scurvy etc.

In fact, lack of balanced diet produces various physical, mental and social health hazard which affects on the working efficiency and personality of individual. At last it affects on the national production and progress. Thus, we may conclude that balance diet having proper nutrients is the essential element for the health and fitness of individual and of a strong nation.

Diseases

A normal person is usually healthy. It is the result of living in accordance with natural laws pertaining to the body, mind and environment. The disease disturbs the normal functioning of the various organs of the body. Thus, disease is a condition of the body in which its functions are disturbed or deranged.

Diseased are caused by the germs when the germs called the antigen enter the body, they multiply their number and attack on the resistance power of the body, which shows the detectable reaction. But if the body continues to get proper fresh air, balanced and nutritive diet, appropriate rest, sunshine and light, and the atmosphere in which the person lives is free from the germs of infectious diseases, then it is not possible for him to fall a prey to any disease.

Beside this, the rest, relaxation, internal and external cleanliness, right attitude and proper exercise helps to smooth functioning of the body, which leads to longevity. Health and disease are part of the natural process, where proper care and timely treatment is necessary for a state of good health, whereas careless leads to disorder of the body and at last to death.